Abort the interpreter immediately.

Use the real uid/gid to test for access to a path.

Change the current working directory to the specified path.

Set file flags.

Change the access permissions of a file.

Change the owner and group id of path to the numeric uid and gid.\ path Path to be examined; can be string, bytes, a path-like object, or open-file-descriptor int.

Change root directory to path.

Close a file descriptor.

Closes all file descriptors in [fd_low, fd_high), ignoring errors.

Return a string-valued system configuration variable.

Return the number of CPUs in the system; return None if indeterminable.

Return the name of the controlling terminal for this process.

Return a string describing the encoding of a terminal's file descriptor.

Return a duplicate of a file descriptor.

Duplicate file descriptor.

execl(file, *args) Execute the executable file with argument list args, replacing the current process.

execle(file, *args, env) Execute the executable file with argument list args and environment env, replacing the current process.

execlp(file, *args) Execute the executable file (which is searched for along $PATH) with argument list args, replacing the current process.

execlpe(file, *args, env) Execute the executable file (which is searched for along $PATH) with argument list args and environment env, replacing the current process.

Execute an executable path with arguments, replacing current process.

Execute an executable path with arguments, replacing current process.

execvp(file, args) Execute the executable file (which is searched for along $PATH) with argument list args, replacing the current process.

execvpe(file, args, env) Execute the executable file (which is searched for along $PATH) with argument list args and environment env, replacing the current process.

Change to the directory of the given file descriptor.

Change the access permissions of the file given by file descriptor fd.

Change the owner and group id of the file specified by file descriptor.

Fork a child process.

Fork a new process with a new pseudo-terminal as controlling tty.

Return the configuration limit name for the file descriptor fd.

Decode filename (an os.PathLike, bytes, or str) from the filesystem encoding with 'surrogateescape' error handler, return str unchanged.

Encode filename (an os.PathLike, bytes, or str) to the filesystem encoding with 'surrogateescape' error handler, return bytes unchanged.

Return the file system path representation of the object.

Perform a stat system call on the given file descriptor.

Perform an fstatvfs system call on the given fd.

Force write of fd to disk.

Truncate a file, specified by file descriptor, to a specific length.

Directory tree generator.

Get the blocking mode of the file descriptor.

Return a unicode string representing the current working directory.

Return a bytes string representing the current working directory.

Return the current process's effective group id.

Get an environment variable, return None if it doesn't exist.

Get an environment variable, return None if it doesn't exist.

Return the current process's effective user id.

Returns the sequence of directories that will be searched for the named executable (similar to a shell) when launching a process.

Return the current process's group id.

Returns a list of groups to which a user belongs.

Return list of supplemental group IDs for the process.

Get the close-on-exe flag of the specified file descriptor.

Return average recent system load information.

Return the actual login name.

Call the system call getpgid(), and return the result.

Return the current process group id.

Return the current process id.

Return the parent's process id.

Return program scheduling priority.

Call the system call getsid(pid) and return the result.

Return the current process's user id.

Initialize the group access list.

Return True if the fd is connected to a terminal.

Kill a process with a signal.

Kill a process group with a signal.

Set file flags.

Change the access permissions of a file, without following symbolic links.

Change the owner and group id of path to the numeric uid and gid.

Create a hard link to a file.

Return a list containing the names of the files in the directory.

Apply, test or remove a POSIX lock on an open file descriptor.

Prepare the tty of which fd is a file descriptor for a new login session.

Set the position of a file descriptor.

Perform a stat system call on the given path, without following symbolic links.

Extracts a device major number from a raw device number.

Composes a raw device number from the major and minor device numbers.

makedirs(name [, mode=0o777][, exist_ok=False]) Super-mkdir; create a leaf directory and all intermediate ones.

Extracts a device minor number from a raw device number.

Create a directory.

Create a "fifo" (a POSIX named pipe).

Create a node in the file system.

Add increment to the priority of process and return the new priority.

Open a file for low level IO.

Open a pseudo-terminal.

Return the configuration limit name for the file or directory path.

Create a pipe.

Read a number of bytes from a file descriptor starting at a particular offset.

Reads from a file descriptor into a number of mutable bytes-like objects.

Change or add an environment variable.

Write bytes to a file descriptor starting at a particular offset.

Writes the contents of bytes-like objects to a file descriptor at a given offset.

Read from a file descriptor.

Read from a file descriptor fd into an iterable of buffers.

Remove a file (same as unlink()).

removedirs(name) Super-rmdir; remove a leaf directory and all empty intermediate ones.

Rename the file or directory src to dst.

renames(old, new) Super-rename; create directories as necessary and delete any left empty.

Remove a directory.

Return an iterator of DirEntry objects for given path.

Get the minimum scheduling priority for policy.

Voluntarily relinquish the CPU.

Copy count bytes from file descriptor in_fd to file descriptor out_fd.

Set the blocking mode of the specified file descriptor.

Set the current process's effective group id.

Set the current process's effective user id.

Set the current process's group id.

Set the groups of the current process to list.

Set the inheritable flag of the specified file descriptor.

Call the system call setpgid(pid, pgrp).

Make the current process the leader of its process group.

Set program scheduling priority.

Set the current process's real and effective group ids.

Set the current process's real and effective user ids.

Call the system call setsid().

Set the current process's user id.

spawnl(mode, file, *args) -> integer Execute file with arguments from args in a subprocess.

spawnle(mode, file, *args, env) -> integer Execute file with arguments from args in a subprocess with the supplied environment.

spawnlp(mode, file, *args) -> integer Execute file (which is looked for along $PATH) with arguments from args in a subprocess with the supplied environment.

spawnlpe(mode, file, *args, env) -> integer Execute file (which is looked for along $PATH) with arguments from args in a subprocess with the supplied environment.

spawnv(mode, file, args) -> integer Execute file with arguments from args in a subprocess.

spawnve(mode, file, args, env) -> integer Execute file with arguments from args in a subprocess with the specified environment.

spawnvp(mode, file, args) -> integer Execute file (which is looked for along $PATH) with arguments from args in a subprocess.

spawnvpe(mode, file, args, env) -> integer Execute file (which is looked for along $PATH) with arguments from args in a subprocess with the supplied environment.

Perform a stat system call on the given path.

Perform a statvfs system call on the given path.

Translate an error code to a message string.

Create a symbolic link pointing to src named dst.

Force write of everything to disk.

Return an integer-valued system configuration variable.

Execute the command in a subshell.

Return the process group associated with the terminal specified by fd.

Set the process group associated with the terminal specified by fd.

Return a collection containing process timing information.

Truncate a file, specified by path, to a specific length.

Return the name of the terminal device connected to 'fd'.

Set the current numeric umask and return the previous umask.

Return an object identifying the current operating system.

Remove a file (same as remove()).

Delete an environment variable.

Return a bytes object containing random bytes suitable for cryptographic use.

Wait for completion of a child process.

Wait for completion of a child process.

Wait for completion of a specific child process.

Wait for completion of a given child process.

Convert a wait status to an exit code.

Directory tree generator.

Return True if the process returning status was dumped to a core file.

Return the process return code from status.

Return True if a particular process was continued from a job control stop.

Return True if the process returning status exited via the exit() system call.

Return True if the process returning status was terminated by a signal.

Return True if the process returning status was stopped.

Write a bytes object to a file descriptor.

Iterate over buffers, and write the contents of each to a file descriptor.

Return the signal that stopped the process that provided the status value.

Return the signal that terminated the process that provided the status value.